The Inverse Square Law
The inverse-square law, greatly simplified, states that the intensity of light (or any other radiant energy), if the light strikes the target at a right angle, varies inversely according to the square of the distance from the source.

In other, simpler, words....

  • In the example above, the light strikes Fred Flintstone at a 25' throw and its intensity is 100 footcandles.
  • The throw to Duckman is 2 times as far. The square of 2 is 4 and the inverse of 4 is ¼.
  • Therefore, the intensity of light on Duckman is 25 footcandles, because 25 is ¼ of the 100 footcandles striking Fred Flintstone.